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Media studies
The Issue of Communication in the Modern World
...According to the Oxford dictionary, the definition of
communication is, “the science and practice of transmitting
information to another through connections or means of
access; social dealings; letter, message etc”. We must
communicate in an effective manner in order to be understood
or to get our message across to the other person. One of the
basic keys to effective communication is, not to simply
hear, but to listen.
”The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand
and be understood. The best way to understand people is to
listen to them”-Ralph Nichols.
Hearing means when one simply hears the statement and does
not let it register. Listening is to give keen attention to
the message and let the brain register and analyze it. Most
problems in organizations occur due to poor communication.
There fore, it is essential that we understand what
communication is all about, before merely applying it to the
day-to-day situations in our lives...
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Culture and Media Studies
...The rise of the New Right in the 1980’s did not signify a
new age or a new type of society. The same social relations
of production existed (between employers and employed) and
the same tendencies of capital to accumulate. It continued
to agglomerate into larger and larger units giving greater
power in the market. For example, in 1996 the Ј28 billion
merger or Boeing and McDonnell Douglas in America gave them
nearly two-thirds of the worlds commercial airline market
and over half of the US military aircraft production. In the
same year, the proposed MCI/British Telecom merger was
valued at over Ј35 billion. The essence of such ‘modern’
economic relationships is that capital will agglomerate,
will move and will do whatever is necessary to secure the
conditions of its own existence. The same can be said of
mass communication systems where a small number of
corporations now control the bulk of all privately owned
commercial communications (Herman and McChesney, 1997). The
political dominance of the new right and the deregulation of
the market also produced a cultural shift with an increased
emphasis on the values of individualism, interpersonal
competition and material power. Lewis Lapham, the editor of
the New York Harper’s Magazine, has written of how the press
in America celebrate the new world order...
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Public Service Broadcasting
...The beginnings of Public Service Broadcasting within
Britain can be traced back as far as 1922 when in this year
the Post Office set up the British Broadcasting Company. It
was originally set up as a co-operative of radio set
manufacturers whose aim was to protect the business
interests of companies who made broadcasting equipment. The
decision was made that this service was to be financed via a
licence fee which was to be paid by all those in possession
of a radio set. The end of the war provided the best
circumstances and support for the formation of the BBC. The
development of the public corporation depended on the
rejection of market forces and a general acceptance of
intervention. In 1934 Beveridge argued; “in a free market
economy consumers can buy only that which is offered to
them, and that which is offered is not necessarily that
which is most advantageous. It is that which appears to give
the best prospect of profit to the producer”. Beverage was
not alone in his attitude rather it was a view mirrored by
many in society at this time. In 1936 the introduction of
television extended the influence of the BBC from merely
radio broadcasting and this new medium meant that the BBC
succeeded in maintaining a monopoly over British
broadcasting...
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The Simpsons as Representation of American Society
...Simpsons are an American family that is greatly
influenced by television. In the ‘STUNT BART’ episode both
Bart and Homer go “Whoa” at the same time. They are both
astonished and overwhelmed at what they saw. They stare at
the screen and they hear the fading echo “one helluva
match”, this is enough to persuade both Homer and Bart that
they want to go to the rally. This also shows us that they
are moderately similar in some ways. They are also
effortlessly brainwashed by television commercials.
From this we can see that television plays an extensive role
in not only Homer’s life but the rest of the family too.
Television has an immense impact on the lives of the
Simpsons and most Americans in real life. Homer believes
that a pleasant “family growth thing” would be if the whole
family would go to the ‘Monster Truck Rally’ to see
Truckasaurus. But Lisa objects to this suggestion as her
recital takes place that night and it is especially
significant to her as it is her first solo...
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Changes in Telecommunications
...This paper will look into the problem of certain
challenges that telecommunication industry is currently
facing in the age of digital media. Issues such as access to
and ownership and control of media, as well as broader
questions of cultural and national interests, will also be
addressed.
In Australia, major technological innovation has led to the
blurring of the boundaries between media, information
technology and telecommunications. Convergence has changed
the boundaries of participation of the major institutional
players. The creation of fully digital networks capable of
carrying any type of information – voice, data, text and
video – has led to the redefinition of the notion of where
media fit with new counterparts as members of what has come
to be called ‘the networked society’ (Barr, cited in
Cunningham and Turner, 2002, pp. 117-18).
Telecommunications and information technology in Australia
are now enabling technologies that underpin so many other
economic functions, notably industry and manufacturing,
finance and commerce, media and entertainment, social and
cultural activities. Telecommunications now includes not
only its staple diet, Plain Old Telephone Services, but also
new mobile telephone services, many forms of newer data
services, and also on-line directories, traded information
services and electronic commerce...
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...Operations management concepts and theories are derived
from the general management theories, like planning,
coordinating, organizing and controlling. The general
management theories are employed to improve the efficiency
of the personnel and that of the organization...
